The holonomic rank of a D-module M = D^r/N provides analytic information about the system of PDE's given by N. By the Cauchy-Kovalevskii-Kashiwara Theorem, the dimension of the space of germs of holomorphic solutions to N in a neighborhood of a nonsingular point is equal to the holonomic rank of M.
The holonomic rank of a D-module is defined algebraically as follows. Let $D$ be the Weyl algebra with generators $x_1,\dots,x_n$ and $\partial_1,\dots,\partial_n$ over ℂ. and let $R$ denote the ring of differential operators ℂ$(x_1,\dots,x_n)<\partial_1,\dots,\partial_n>$ with rational function coefficients. Then the holonomic rank of $M = D^r/N$ is equal to the dimension of $R^r/RN$ as a vector space over ℂ$[x_1,\dots,x_n]$. More details can be found in [SST, Section 1.4].
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The object holonomicRank is a method function.